Sunday, April 8, 2018

The Lakanate of Lawan (forebear of the Kaharian ng Tondo), the Ancestral Homeland of Polynesian People of the Pacific


A civilization can be prosperous with the growth of the population of its inhabitants, by birth or migration, and by the idealism of its people. Biological life from the ocean started to evolve in  what Darwin described as a “pond of life”-- a complex interplay of ocean water, sea, bay, cove,  big river, lagoon, luscious forest, stream, spring, beaches, islands, caves,  mountain hills, plateau – all are  found in the homeland of the Polynesians  called in its ancient name as Lawan. Today, Lawan is estimated to be in the area of Laoang – Catubig – Palapag of Samar, island towns in the Philippines in the Pacific. The natives described the place as “kabubuhian san ilo” (translation: even orphans can survive here). The area is marked today by an old lighthouse guiding big ships from the Pacific entering the Philippine archipelago to Manila. With the diggings of early human and ancient treasures  surrounding Lawan in the Pacific coast of the Philippine archipelago like the  65,000 year old Callao man, the ancient shipyard in Palapag,  the  treasures in Surigao, the balangays  in Butuan and the ancient plates, martabana (burial jar) and jewelries in Sawang (part of modern Lawan now called Laoang), and with siday and kandu (local historical epic), legends (sigbin, Araw City) , ancient relics, the fortified main settlement, the Catubig being the old capital of Samar,  and historical accounts of the Spaniards -- some historians conclude that Lawan is indeed an ancient civilization in the pacific ocean.
The natives of Lawan, even today, are adventurous people found in different parts of the world but wherever they are, they are always dreaming of their homeland that they even celebrate their fiesta in Manila, in the US and in different parts of the world. The cohesiveness, culture, familial bonds, legends, folklore, the homey feeling, oral kandu, and the siday (epic) of its people are like the centrifugal force that evolve into a civilization and attracts the adventurers and migrants all over the world.

Otley Beyer Theory of Philippine Migration Supports the Existence of the Lakanate of Lawan

          The most widely known version of the peopling of the Philippines during the prehistoric times is the theory of Prof. H. Otley Beyer. The theories of Prof. Beyer about Philippine prehistory on the waves of migration are now under attack by the new breeds of historians and anthropologists. Indeed the migration of ancient Filipinos cannot now be held tenable due to many questions about the manner in which this theory was postulated, and the be archaeological evidence which challenge many of Dr. Beyer’s hypotheses . Beyer basically postulated 4 levels of migration, namely, the dawn man (250,000 years ago), Negritoes from Borneo (25,000 – 30,000 years ago), Indonesian (5,000 - 6,000 years ago), and Malaysians (2, 500 years ago) (Zaide). Artifacts from the French Museum of Natural History on May 2, 2018 shows an archaeologist at work at the site of an archaeological dig in the Philippines. Were early humans living in East Asia more than half-a-million years ago clever enough to build sea-faring watercraft and curious enough to cross a vast expanse of open sea? This and other questions arise from a treasure trove of tools and a nearly intact skeleton from a butchered rhinoceros, found on the Philippine island that pushes back the emergence of the first homo species on the country ten-fold to 700,000 years ago (way earlier than the dawn man of Beyer), according to a study published on May 2, 2018. The study also shows that these ancient people developed a semblance of organized settlement like an ancient government somewhere in the Pacific side of the Philippines that make them develop a carefree and adventurous “Viking – like” (waray waray in their native terms) character that send people to different islands in the Pacific like in Indonesia and in the other islands within the Philippines (Thomas Ingicco. MNHN. AFP)
One of the defects of Beyer’s theory is it did not elaborate the dawn man or even the possibility of an indigenous man resulting from natural evolution of life coming from the pacific ocean to a fertile topography of say, Lawan, an island in Samar  facing the Pacipic. As it turned out, callao man found in the cave near the pacific ocean coast estimated to be 65,000 years old, which is describe as probable home grown since it has still the seemingly characteristics of “lesser than man”, is probable one of some other evidences that life started from the pacific ocean and evolved from lower form of animals into human, right here in the Pacific coast of the Philippine archipelago. The dawn man that Beyer was mentioning could be the ancestors of the callao man that had evolved from the life form of the pacific ocean  maybe 500,000 years ago (Beyer estimated it 250,000 years ago). This will conflict with the “out of Africa” theory – that human being all came from Africa. Is it possible that human being evolved simultaneously from different oceans to a fertile luscious topography then found each other in some part of early beginning and their intermarriages resulted into the human form of today? This could be a possible theory much logical than “one source went into different directions” theory through connected land mass that later on disconnected. The out of Africa theory seem to imply that other oceans and other vegetation’s in any part of the earth are not capable of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Did Africa bought the franchise? Why only Africa when in fact, Pacific Ocean and the luscious and fertile vegetation of Lawan for instance, can sustain a life form better than Africa. Migration patterns of any civilization should start with the plausible explanation on the evolution of biological life in the area. Scientists like Darwin believes that life evolve from the ocean and into the shores, river and inlands. Then the human being evolved and populated a settlement after another. The human population grow and a system of protecting itself from nature and fellow men emerged through time and eventually flourished into some kind government ,culture, economics and civilization (https://www.popsci.com).
        The human life in the Philippines is an evolution from the biological life that started in the Pacific Ocean. This was somewhat confirmed somehow by a US study that the biodiversity of the ocean waters in the Philippines is so dense that made them declare they believe that the Philippines is the center of the earth (Center Of Center Of The World "The Philippines).

So human life in the Pacific Ocean side of the Philippines could be way earlier than those who migrated into the Philippines, even the dawn man of Otley Beyer. In fact, mass the migration of different sets of people to the direction of Lawan is an evidence of an existence of a civilization from where the migrants want to be part of and enjoy their prosperity. The natives of Lawan has this adage: diri makanhi kun diri nahibarui, (migrants will not go here if they have not heard about us.) The Negritoes and the ten datus from Borneo must have heard of a prosperous civilization somewhere in the Pacific so they sailed into that direction, unfortunately, they only reached Panay Islands and not the Lawan of the Pacific. Same thing with the Indonesian and the Malaysians – they seem to have missed the dreamy Lawan civilization with all its tale of prosperity, grandeur and beautiful women. Even up to this day, the native of Samar and Leyte still talks of an imaginary hidden civilization of Araw City somewhere near the shoreline of the Pacific with prosperous, kind, good looking and enchanted people. It is in this kind of imagery confounded by exaggerated tales of seafaring Polynesians, traders and pirates based in the Pacific Oceans that have feed the imaginations of the adventurous migrants into the direction of Lawan and ended up somewhere else. Even the Hindus attempted to get in touch with the Lawan civilization in the Pacific but they only ended up in Butuan. The western start to look for that much - talked – about- civilization in the Pacific with full of spices, gold, beautiful women, kind people, and luscious vegetation as described in the Bible as Ophir but Magellan was killed by Lapu Lapu on his process of searching. Some European and maybe Asian expeditions may have managed to find Lawan, but may have avoided confrontation with the seat of the ancient civilization. One of such instance is the following: historian William Henry Scott wrote that a Samar datu by the name of Iberein was rowed out to a Spanish vessel anchored in his harbor in 1543 by oarsmen collared in gold; while wearing on his own person earrings and chains. History would tell that the Spaniards avoided Samar as a result of that incident. The Philippines hosts a bounty of natural resources, such as minerals, metals and gold. It just so happens that gold used to be so prevalent in the Philippines. Metals and other minerals were used for ornaments such as earring and necklaces, while other uses included bladed weaponry like the famous Kampilan and Kris.  In addition to iron extracted from ores in our land, Chinese cauldrons were also converted to raw iron and shaped into new tools or implements. A lot of peaceful adventurers settled in Lawan, mostly Asians, Hebrews and Polynesian people, either as stop over for another destination or to raise a family. Even Batang Dula, the eldest son and heir apparent of Lakan Bunao Dula, King of the Lakanate of Tondo, entrusted his eldest son and heir apparent David Dula y Goiti to the protection of the Lakanate of Lawan. But the bad guys like pirates, and invaders prefer to avoid confrontations with the seat of Lawan. Another proof that powers tried to avoid confrontation with Lawan civilization is the “Epic of Bingi” where a ruler from Albay brought 100 ships to attack Lawan and marry Bingi but ended up going home peacefully without Bingi. In Lawan (it’s called Laoang now), one can still see what the Spaniards call as the Almuraya Fortress ruins, a cobblestone wall and a watchtower that served as a defense of the town against the moro pirates. Historians dates it as during Spanish era but the arrangement seem to have been existed during the time of pre-Hispanic Hadi (the native term for chief) of the Lawan civilization, occupied by the Spaniard during their 300 years of occupation in the country and slowly erased the traces of the ancient civilization.

The Lawan Civilization Recorded in Siday (native epic)

“Bingi of Lawan”
There lived in this place a chief called Karagrag, who was its lord and ruler. He was married to a lady of his rank called Bingi, a name which had been bestowed on her because of her chastity, as we shall see. (I was not able to find out if she came from the same town; most probably she was from upstream on the Catubig River, where she was the daughter of the chief there.) This lady, according to what they recount, was endowed with many fine virtues and gready celebrated for her beauty among these natives, so much so that, moved by the fame of her beauty, the Datu, or ruler, of Albay got ready a hundred ships. This chief was called Dumaraug, which means the victor, and with all those ships he weighed anchor in his land, and within a short time came in view of the [Lawan Island] town of Makarato.
His unexpected arrival excited the town, but since itwas well-fortified by its natural location and it was the season of the Vendavales (the best time for going there from Albay) when the force of the sea and its waves were strong and turbulent, he did not venture to go straight in but took shelter instead near the beac h which Rawis Point makes with very fine sand and free of shoals, where, became of an islet across the entrance from the sea, the surf is less obstructive and the sea milder and calm. From there he sent a small boat with a sign of peace to announce the purpose of his coming, which was simply to carry Bingi away as his wife, the fame of whose beauty alone had left him lovestruck and with only this would he then return to his land without making any attack and always afterward remain their friend and protector, since being more powerful than they, he could do it to their advantage. Karagrag, rather than making reply, showed them how well prepared he was by entertaining them, and when his wife was informed of Dumaraug’s intentions, she responded at once that she was greatly surprised that for something of such little worth he: had made such a demonstration and launched so many ships, that she was content with the husband she had and did not care to exchange him for any other, even one much more powerful, and that so long as he was alive, she could not think of leaving him; and if it should be her unlucky fate to fall into his hands captive, he should understand that though he might carry her off and command her as his slave, that to make her his wife, she would never consent and was ready to give her life first. Encouraged by so bold a response, her husband Karagrag simply added that he was there waiting with his men deployed, and that although they were not many, they were very good men, and that the place where they were was very secure, and if he came to try his arms in battle, they would do their duty; and if he should defeat them, he would be lord of his wife and property, but if not, he would return to his land empty-handed, if indeed he escaped from there with his life.
With this reply, and in view of the strength and impregnability of the place for them, with no more arms than spears and shields or at most some arrows, the chief reconsidered and hesitated a bit but not for long, and without attempting anything more and risking his men, he returned home just as he had come, leaving both the chief and his wife Bingi happy.
This happened a few years before the Spaniards came, and is still fresh in the memory of the natives of the Lawan town, who today are their descendants. Not many years ago, I buried a chief of the said island, who was more than seventy years old, whose parent had been alive when this raid took place; and a son of his who had heard it many times, related it to me with all the aforesaid details (Alcina 1668a, 4:20-23).
A bingi or bingil was a virgin or a woman who had been faithful to one man all her life. It must therefore have been bestowed on the heroine of this romance sometime after the Albay raid, the first step in an historic events becoming a legend. The quotation of her and her husband’s noble words indicates that the poetic process had already had its effect by the time Father Alcina heard the story. Perhaps with retelling over the centuries and the accumulation of apocryphal embellishments, the tale might have grown into a full-fledged kandu. Indeed, had ancient Visayan culture not succumbed to colonial acculturation, some Waray bard might now be singing the Epic of Bingi (William Henry Scott).

“Laoang Twilight: The Lost Garden of Glory”

    The cradles of the Filipino civilization. The place of light, charm, beauty and harmony with its proud, insightful people stemming from enlightened culture originated before the chronicles of the Garden of Eden.
    I have looked back on my life and recorded everything about my place, hence, I would like to share the wonder, glory and majesty of my beloved town—Laoang. Just imagine what it looks like before our time. The glorious name Laoang, the nature, lands, brackish and sea waters, legends, mythology's, epic of heroism and the first people in their quest through the epochs of time. This is my personal journey through my candid readings and research. I will not twist its history but I will carve up an expedition to its grandeur.
   We must leave two things to our descendants when we die. One is tradition and culture and, the other is our golden history. A person without tradition and culture will fail—it is a soul that guides us to wonder in this world, our survival and the practices of our civilization. Through our history, people acquire knowledge and wisdom for living. To open up new future, we need, on the other hand, to pass on to our descendants the tradition, culture and history that has been handed down to us over thousands of years. Colorful as it is, we must continue to educate our successors especially the love for their native land, heroism, harmony and Glory.
   Before our time, our ancestors worked for peace, harmony and love of our native land. People these days are raised by the picture of a hopeless society that they could not stop and suspend the perils of the forthcoming "human calamity". The present practices of "denial" to our good ancient culture, and tradition of love and harmony would lead us to our destruction, thus, developing sensitivities for our past communities and 'silvery-water history' can truly revive the resonance of a true character and proud Nortehanon-Laoanganon--the tribe of pintados-Lawagnon. Our ancestors, shed their blood and tears to make us free and happy, they didn't even fight each other rather shared their everything for 'common good', for their families, neighbors, and love of their native land.
   In my expedition, in prehispanic centuries, my town was garlanded with so many names; 'Garden of Eden', 'Dawn of the Traders', 'Haven of Sailors', 'Land of Princess and Harmony', 'Gems of the East', 'Shining Islet of the Pacific', 'Port of Gold', 'Twilight of the Fishermen', 'City of Angels' and 'Land of Mystics and Miracles'. Spending time to recall its beauty will gives me pleasure and a smile. Ah, the splendor of my hometown! At bedtime, I would close my eyes, saying… I wish I have been there to see and observe the real story far from the current books of history where interest’s people were eluded inclined to their respected dimensions but not its true accounts. I could not sleep with the sounds of leaves rustling in the wind, the sound of the blowing wind through the reeds that keeps my imagination alive.
   I have immersed myself in understanding the questions and finding their answers. Where did i came from? My ancestors? As I went through, my town was once known as the 'great port' of the Far East—"Pantalan-Sinirakan". The whole island was called "Sirac-an" popularly known as "Lawagan" which means "crystal torch" or something that can be associated with a fishing boat that uses light as a bait to catch fish. Sirac-an was named and called by the people living in hinterlands while Lawagan named by the people living in the plains and sea shores. Native people were known as "Lawagnon", "Lawodnon", "Sirakan", "Batacnon", "Anoron", and "Rawisnon" but most of the natives were called Lawagnon. They spoke four major dialects; Kawi, Waray, Lao and Baybayin. Batag Island used Kawi due to David Dula's influence; Waray was the native dialect of most Lawagnon and Sirakan while Lao and Baybayin were used for trading and business with the other people.
   According to legend, without the crystal torch you could not find the island. Native people are 'naturists', they believed in the power of nature and spirits, they can heal wounds, they can summon good spirits to protect their land and hide them with a glow of a 'crystal torch' that evaded them from the attack of different pirates, calamities and evil spirits.
   So majestic is Laoang before, native people in the different areas of the Lawagan land pray to good spirits. One day, their faith was challenged by a "great tidal wave", as tall as a 50-story building but it was easily subsided when a good spirits rubble the wave with his mighty shield and sword. Native people, young and old, saw this picture with their eyes and believed the power of their prayer. It was not Saint Michael the Archangel, not until the Spaniards and Jesuits established its mission in the area. Our ancestors believed that they be can be saved by their faith and prayer to the good spirits. This is also the light when people celebrate its feast to the good spirits that save their lives that eventually evolved to the Fiesta Celebration of St Michael the Archangel on the 29th day of September but before it was celebrated on the 8th day of August following the 'animists calendar'--It is the Feast of thanksgiving where people solemnly pray for their lives and fortune.
   The land was once inhabited by the "Great Chieftains"," Princesses" and "Warriors of Virtues" whose majesty, beauty and charm were known to the world. Neighboring tribes would always visit the land; for friendship and trade, to marry their lovely women, to train as "spirit warriors" against invaders and pirates enlightened by good spirits.
   The land was divided into three territories and constituencies but harmony existed in every person living in the land, they were united by one blood and honor to their sole ancestor—pintados-Lawagnon—a great family of Lawagan land who stand 15 feet tall who defended Lawagnon people many times against invaders and pirates. According to "surmatanons" (epic of Lawagnon) Pintados-Lawagnon family threw big stones to invaders that echoed Lawagnon and earned the description of "the unconquered land". Since then, people will come for trade not for war and invasions. This was our hallmark that we should remember day by day. Our hospitality has reached to the whole islands of the country then to Spain then to mexico and other parts of the world.
    Moreover, the first territory was under Dato Karawton and his consort Princess Bangipa , he ruled and managed the "region of Anadanod" now the "poblacion of the town" extending Baybay to Mualbual then to Calomotan. These areas were also known as the "golden port of the pacific". The "port of Baybay" was used by different wealthy foreign citizens and Spanish royal blood who were honorable by the kingdom of Spain. They stayed in the area for a month to rest and treasured the island. The "port of Calomotan" was used by Spanish friars, officers and soldiers while the "port of Mualbual" was used to shuttle slaves going to other areas under Spain colony to perform "polo y servicio".
   In other reign, the second territory was under Dato Sankayon who has lovely Princesses named Rawis and Talisay who were abducted by moro pirates in the fiercest battles in the shore of Rawis (now Titong beach). Dato Sankayon was a bitter brother of the Palapag ruler. He ruled the "Region of Rayang" extending from Rawis to Vigo to Oleras up to Pambujan (now Pambujan municipality). Dato Sankayon named the two barangays after his daughter's name. The port of Rawis was used as the Spanish elite trading capital of the pacific and "the great indies" route together with the galleon trade from Mexico then Rawis before going to Manila and Cavite.
   The last kingdom, the third territory was under Dato Batac with his consort Princess Rayandayan, the land is presently named the Batag Island. He rules the "Region of Lawod" where most of his people were fishermen. People from different places in Asia, Europe and Oceania went to the place for "fish business" that's the reason why the "port of Kahagyan" now Brgy Cahayagan was made for fish market. Most people called themselves Lawodnon and Batacnon. Batacnon believed with the "Lady of the sea" (Senora de Salvacion) a good spirit who performs miracles for sick people from fishing, voyage and expeditions. The Lawodnon people were once lead by "David Dula" grandson of Lakan Dula, the great king of Tondo, Manila. When Lakan Dula's forces were defeated by the Spaniards, he sent a mission to keep his bloodline thus, his grandson David Dula was hidden at Kandawid, now Brgy Candawid in the Island of Batag, in the decree of Spanish high officials that all of Lakan Dula's heir and bloodline would be killed if found out by the Spanish soldiers. David rose to power and led "Lawagnon" side by side with a Palapag hero Juan Ponce Sumuroy against the Spanish conquistadors.
    The old Lawagan regions were God's creation and His gift to presently Laoanganons. I intend to introduce the details of the history and the accounts of great men who contributed much in building Laoang. In these venues people would rather ask for a copy of its book rather than reading here. This is just a short story that is inclined to the forgotten jewel of the east but not as a complete elements of history but just to remind other about our past glories and true character.
    To my constituents, we must work together to awaken our fellow Laoanganon of the preciousness of our true character, history, tradition, culture and, the urgent need to regain them the rich minds of our generation which can offer lessons from our true identity from the time of the "crystal torch" up today. We cannot allow our rich past to saddle in vain and to be damaged any further.
    Laoang or Lawagan is one of humanity's treasure troves, where majesty and wonderful people and its colorful history live. The flora and fauna seem to exist as they might have on the first morning of Creation.The riverbanks used to have pineapples, banana and mango trees. Rice grows so well that it is possible to have three harvests in a year, even without irrigated fields. That's how rich the soil was. Crops such as corn and US beans could be grown just by spreading the seeds over the valley. Very little human labor is need. Farmer who lived there did not experience to be hungry; they went into the fields and dug up sweet potato and "agikway". Potatoes could be harvested without annual planting which can feed even the barrio folks. Laoang provides plenty of economic benefits just in its agricultural lands and marine wealth. The area has vast tracts of virgin hardwood forest. But now? Why?
   Laoang provides a perfect environment for a Garden of Eden by its people's glory. It is not just birds and fish that are plentiful in the area but our true identity of love, harmony and glory. Lawagnon people must lead the way in the effort to save our precious nature, culture, tradition and history.
  Simple words such as beautiful, wonderful and fantastic can begin to describe its value.We were once great people who lived in the "Garden of Eden".Sirac Laoang!!! (Mongas).

The Migration Pattern of the Polynesians out of their Lawan Homeland

Polynesians, including Samoans, Tongans, Niueans, Cook Islands Māori, Tahitian Mā'ohi, Hawaiian Māoli, Marquesans and New Zealand Māori, are a subset of the Austronesian peoples. They share the same origins as the indigenous peoples of maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and Taiwan. This is supported by genetic, linguistic, and archaeological evidence.
Historian Otley Beyer said that the “dawn man”, the aborigines of the Philippines, existed 250,000 years ago, although the callao man fossils have been dated as 65,000 years ago – in both cases, they are much earlier than the cro magnun man of Europe. Darwin believes that life started in the ocean, so, it possible that the Pacific Ocean have bred life into the shores of Samar million years ago, but as to what year those life forms evolved into human form could still be a subject of scientific and archeological researches, but the possibility that it is earlier than 250,000 years ago is very strong. The possibility that Lawan in Samar Island in an important part of the Polynesian civilization was confirmed somehow by a finding in an Australian study that the Pacific Island Philippines could be the homeland of Polynesians in the pacific oceans. The migration of the Filipinos to different pacific islands who are identified today as Polynesians and inwards into the Philippine islands happened slowly in thousand years and is evidenced by an existence of an ancient shipping industry based in Palapag which was later converted into the shipping repair stations of the Galeon Trade (http://www.ancient-origins.net).
Several diggings of Balangay (native ship) were also found in Butuan within the Pacific islands and the ships are so sturdy. In place called Sawang in Laoang Island, diggings of jewelries, antique plates and burial urns which the native called martabana shows sign of a prosperous ancient civilization. In a chronicle of the Spanish conquistadores as narrated by a British Scholar, 100 ships from a chieftain of Albay in the Pacific coast of Bicol headed by Chieftain Dumaraog attacked the Makarato settlement of Hadi Iberein of Lawan (now Laoang) but the Hebrew - blooded settlement repulsed the attack and the Albay warriors returned home.

No doubt, the ancestors of the Tagalogs reached Tondo and other places in boats, but it is hardly likely that Tagalog communities could have maintained their discrete boatload identities across centuries and millennia. But the choice of the term balangay (which is the origin of barangay, describing a settlement), and the explanation for it, would have reinforced the perception of each community as historically distinct from all others, and legitimized its captain’s claim to personal allegiance. With the exception of sparse populations inhabiting the interior mountain ranges, all sixteenth-century Filipinos lived on the seacoast or the banks of navigable lakes and streams. Their only means of transportation were boats: there is no evidence of wheeled vehicles or draft animals. Traders and raiders, friends and foes crossed from one side of a river to the other by boat, from island to island, and between distant ports on the same island. Communities were connected, not separated, by water: it was by water that they exchanged foodstuffs, manufactured wares, and foreign imports (Scott). The reign and intermigration of the Hebrew – influenced Lawan (suspected to be the Ophir) civilization went into different directions slowly over thousands of years reaching inward as far as Surigao, Butuan, Mactan, Albay,  Tondo Manila, Quezon Province, Cagayan Valley, Palawan, Taiwan, and outward as far as Madagascar, and Marquesas Islands.
The Hebrew connection of the ancient Philippine civilization is again confirmed by the Biblical stories about Ophir that traded with the Israelites in the ancient times.  The mapping of the exact naval location of Ophir points to the Philippines. A British scholar on the ancient Philippine civilization identified a Hebrew chieftain in Laoang, Samar in his studies as Datu Iberein who was responsible in naming the island as Samar, in memory of his homeland Samaria. The Spaniards attempted to rename the island as Filipinas (from where the Philippines came from) but the natives continue to call it Samar. A recent US study which was presented also in You Tube identified with certainty that the Philippines is the Biblical Ophir. This study was triangulated by the fact that that the Tagalog language is so near to the language of the Hebrews, our mountains and other important islands are named with Hebrew terms like Mt. Pulag, Mt. Canlaon, Batag Islands, etc (Solomon's Gold Series - Part 1: Introduction: Where is Ophir? Is it Philippines?).

A foreign study of the Tagalog dialect spoken in the Kingdom of Tondo reveals that Tagalog came from the dialect spoken in the hinterlands of Samar. This was confirmed by the Calatagan Jar found in the deeply Tagalog Region of Batangas. The jar is an ancient burial jar being used in the ancient settlements within the influence of the Kingdom of Tondo. The ancient markings in the Calatagan Jar is written in Waray dialect of Samar. The Samar - Hebrew connections was again confirmed in the recent times when Sephardi Jews escaping Spanish persecution in the Ibarian Peninsula decided to settle in Samar. One of those families is the Mendoza family of Lawan (Laoang) who up to the present, some of their relatives in the US are attending Jewish congregations.  British scholars pointed out that the Bisayans are practicing circumcision in the ancient times, a tradition that came from the Hebrews. But because the Hebrews of Samar are in the influence of the Samaritan culture, the natives of Samar did not follow the strict Jewish rituals just like the native Samaritans of Israel. Quite recently, Philippine President Manuel Quezon of the Pacific town of Baler accepted Jewish refugees from Europe into the Philippines during WW ll. It seems that President Quezon is aware of the Hebrew ancestry of a civilization of Hadi Iberein of the Pacific Islands of Samar. It seems that the Pacific islander’s  ancient Philippine civilization of chieftain Iberein which the natives called Hadi,  slowly spread through time into the pacific islands and inward into the Philippine islands like in Mactan, Surigao, Butuan, Albay and eventually Tondo where it finally prospered into a full blown Kingdom headed by a dynasty of Lakans (paramount ruler). The respect of the Lakans of Tondo to their ancestral homeland of Hadi Iberein in the Pacific island of Lawan, Samar was shown during the height of Spanish persecutionof the native nobility when Batang Dula (eldest son of the King of Tondo) and Senorita de Goiti, his Spanish wife, decided to hide their children from the possible harm from the Spanish Guardia Civil. They entrusted their eldest son, David Dula y Goiti to the care of a local chieftain of their allies in Lawan Island in Samar. The other children, Daba was entrusted to an uncle in Candada and Dola, the youngest was entrusted to a tribe in Candola San Luis, Pampanga.

Some historians estimated the Lakanate of Lawan (forebear of Kaharian ng Tondo), to have existed on their ancient reign as around circa 70,000 years BC to 1,600 AD. The estimated seat of the epoch is estimated by the historians to be somewhere in the pacific islands of the Philippines, notably the third biggest island of the archipelago in the pacific called Samar -- somewhere in the present   “Catubig – Laoang – Palapag” topography. Based on historical records of the Philippines and on recorded siday (the native oral historical epic) or oral Kandu of the people of Samar Island, some names of hadi (indigenous term for Lakan or paramount rulers) mentioned include Lakan Laon, Kerak, Lakan Timamanukum, Lakan Arao, Lakan Matayon, Lakan Apula, Lapiton, Patuki, Kalyaw, Makarato, Karagrag, Bingil, Dumaraog, Wihano, Karawton, Lakan Malagas, Taboon, Sangkayon, Waraytanggi, Bathaq, Uhabi, and Hadi Iberein.  In the book by historian William Henry Scott, it was said that a “Samar datu by the name of Iberein was rowed out to a Spanish vessel anchored in his harbor in 1543 by oarsmen collared in gold; while wearing on his own person earrings and chains ”, a sign of a long prosperous civilization long before the Spaniards came. In the latest study published in the American journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an international team of researchers led by Alan Cooper, director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD), at the University of Adelaide used ancient DNA to study the origins and dispersal of ancestral Polynesian chickens.  They found that Polynesian chickens had their genetic roots in the Philippines, making that region a candidate for the homeland of the mysterious Lapita people who transported the domesticated birds to the Pacific islands. The estimated dates of the reign of the above mentioned lakans or hadis are still subject of anthropological researches. For so many thousand long years, the Lakanate of Lawan slowly initiated what could be an migration of inhabitants or expansion of their reign to different Polynesian islands in the pacific and inward into the Philippine archipelago that gave rise to the emergence of several prosperous settlements in most part of the country and pacific islands, like the Kingdom of Tondo in Manila.

The Warays of the Lakanate of Lawan and the Vikings of Northern Europe are both Adventurous

There is something in the nature of the Warays in the Lakanate of Lawan that made them capable of sending people to faraway places over thousand years, namely: their Hebrew - influenced civilization, their personal adventurous character and the closeness of the bonds of their people.
Recent findings would point to the Lakanate of Lawan as the center of biblical Ophir that became the ancestral homeland of the Polynesians. This is evidenced by the Almuraya Ruins of Laoang, the Hebrew – blooded Datu Iberein, the Dragon Jar of Laoang, their siday (local epic) such as the Bingi of Lawan and the name of the  territory itself, Samar, which was named after the ancestral homeland of the ruling Lakans (paramount rulers) of the Lakanate,  Samaria in the ancient Israel..
The personal characteristics of Warays have a great influence on their tendency to sail to faraway places. The ancient Waray tribal folk of Samar, Leyte, and Pintuyan Island were masters of the sea. Many of whom became pirates who attacked and raided coastal villages of present day Bohol, Bool, Cebu, the Luzon coasts and Mindanao. They utilized a form of indentured servitude to those who they captured in their raids and forced them in agricultural slavery even in forming ranks of their war parties. The ancient Waray tribal folk hold similar semblance to the Vikings of Northern Europe (Visayas: Remaining Treasures of the Indigenous People). Warays are also describe even today as brave and principled. The Waray-speaking people of Leyte (Leyteños) and Samar (Samareños) are a strong and proud group (Ethnic Groups of the Philippines). Waray are known in the country for their suicidal courage. The Balangiga victory is done by Warays, so with Catubig Siege victory. The Sumuroy Revolt has sparked the early efforts of the natives against the Spain. The Waray descendants who were transported from Palapag to Cavite shipyards became the main forces of the Cavite rebellion which bloomed into the Philippine Republic.
The ancient songs of the Lakanate of Lawan will show their mastery and feeling at ease with sea as well as their propensity to settle in different places while being faithful to their homeland. One of the songs you can still hear today in the Isla de Batag in the ancient Lawan is this folk song (portion):
 Makapira ka na, makapira ka na
Balentong baliskad,
Sini nga baloto, nga ginsasakyan mo.

(How many times, how many times
Have you fall and capsize
In this boat that you are riding now)

One of their songs speaks of the slaves enjoying too much their stay in the Lakanate and are reluctant to leave even if they are already freemen:

                    Diri ko gad ginhuhunaan an pagbaya dinhi
           Kay naaawil man ak, san iyo kustombre
           Labi na gud an sipyat ngan hiyum….
                    (well sorry, forgotten the next line, 
               future researchers may just complete it)
           Baman, an akon hugugma, tyempo in mamingaw,
           Matangis na man la.

             (Never in my mind would I think of leaving this place
             Because I really enjoy your customs
             Specially those fleeting glances and stolen smiles
             But whatever happens, if this flaming love
             Becomes so lonesome
              I will just cry)

This next folk song is mysteriously in Tagalog, but is being sung in Candawid in Batag Island even today, especially among old folks. Efforts have been made to search for the origin of the song in Manila and in the Tagalog provinces but to no avail. Local historians are saying that this song is the favorite of the widow of David Dulay. The widow is the granddaughter of Datu Iberein while the David is the son of David Dula y Goiti, a grandson of Lakan Dula of Tondo. The widow thought that David has left her to go back to Tondo. Years later, she came to know that David was executed by the Spaniards in Palapag.

Giliw ko, nasaan ang awa mo.
Ang puso, na sadyang nagmamahal sa yo.
Walang bukas, at walang anu ano.
Nilimot mo ang lahat, nang kaligayahan.
Mamahalin din kita kahit nilisan mo hirang.
Susuyuin din kita magpahanggang libing tunay.
Mamahalin din kita ikaw lang ang tanging mahal.
Nilimot mo ang lahat.
Ng kaligayahan.

(My love, where is you mercy
This heart of mine which is loving you truly
No warning, no signs -- you have left.
Forgetting all the happiness we shared
I will still love you even though you have left me
This love of mine I will carry through my grave.
I will love you and you will always be my one and only love)
Even if you have forgotten all the happy moments we shared together.)


This closeness of people in the prosperous civilization, the natural tendency to sail and their feeling homey to the sea made this Hebrew – blooded natives, over thousand years, send people through boats in the different islands in the Pacific.

References:

Center of Center of the World "The Philippines. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4efhXRP6qc. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misliya_cave. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

Thomas Ingicco. MNHN. AFP. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/05/03/1811785/early-humans-philippines-700000-years-ago-study#c5tTHUecmbK9cV1y.99. Retrieve May 20, 2018.


Ethnic Groups of the Philippines. http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/people/ethnic-groups-in-the-philippines/waray/.. Retrieved May 26, 2018.

http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/new-study-suggests-philippines-ancestral-homeland-polynesians-001463. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

https://www.popsci.com/where-and-when-did-life-begin#page-4. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

Noel Acedera Mongas. Tribute to Laoang Fiesta 2013: First Edition

Solomon's Gold Series - Part 1: Introduction: Where is Ophir? Is it Philippines? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gL2eltMMK0U&t=118s. Retrieved April 4, 2018.


Visayas: Remaining Treasures of the Indigenous People. https://sites.google.com/site/humanities2visayas2015/home/c-eastern-visayas/waray. Retrieved May 26, 2018.

William Henry Scott. https://archive.org/stream/BarangaySixteenthCenturyPhilippineCultureAndSociety/Barangay++Sixteenth+Century+Philippine+Culture+and+Society_djvu.txt. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

Zaide, Sonia M. The Philippines: A Unique Nation: With Dr. Gregorio Zaide History of the Republic of the Philippines. All Nations Publishing Co. Inc. 1994, p.32

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